Doc. Comment. Xchange. Replace a newline in TSQLI may be a year late to the party, but I work on queries MS SQL every day, and I got tired of the built in functions LTRIM RTRIM and always having to call them together, and of not catching dirty data that had newlines at the end, so I decided it was high time to implement a better TRIM function. Id welcome peer feedback Disclaimer this actually removes replaces with a single whitespace extended forms of whitespace tab, line feed, carriage return, etc., so its been renamed as Clean. And. Trim from my original answer. The idea here is that your string doesnt need such extra special whitespace characters inside it, and so if they dont occur at the headtail, they should be replaced with a plain space. If you purposefully stored such characters in your string say, your column of data that youre about to run this on, DONT DO IT Improve this function or write your own that literally just removes those characters from the endpoints of the string, not from the body. What is select statement in TSQL What is the Join in SQL Server What are the different types of join Difference between Left join and Outer Join This article covers using the REPLACE function to selectively replace text inside a string in SQL Server. The REPLACE function is easy to use and very handy with an. Okay, now that the disclaimer is updated, heres the code. Description TRIMs a string for real removes standard whitespace from ends. ASCII chars 9 1. CREATE FUNCTION fnClean. And. Trim. Str nvarcharmax. RETURNS nvarcharmax AS. DECLARE Result nvarcharmax. SET Result LTRIMRTRIMREPLACEREPLACEREPLACEREPLACEREPLACE. LTRIMRTRIMStr, CHAR9, CHAR1. CHAR1. 1, CHAR1. CHAR1. 3,. RETURN Result. Cheers Another Disclaimer. Your typical Windows line break is CRLF, so if your string contains those, youd end up replacing them with double spaces. UPDATE, 2. 01. 6. A new version that gives you the option to replace those special whitespace characters with other characters of your choiceThis also includes commentary and the work around for the Windows CRLF pairing, i. IF OBJECTIDdbo. Clean. And. Trim IS NULL. EXEC CREATE FUNCTION dbo. Clean. And. Trim RETURNS INT AS BEGIN RETURN 0 END. Author Nate Johnson. Source http stackoverflow. Description TRIMs a string for real removes standard whitespace from ends. ASCII chars 9 1. Option Purge. Replace. Chars. At. Ends determines whether or not to remove extra headtail. This is only truly useful if youre replacing the special chars with something. OTHER than a space, because plain LTRIMRTRIM will have already removed those. ALTER FUNCTION dbo. fnClean. And. Trim. Str NVARCHARMAX. Replace. Tab. With NVARCHAR5. Replace. Newline. With NVARCHAR5. Purge. Replace. Chars. At. Ends BIT 1. RETURNS NVARCHARMAX AS. DECLARE Result NVARCHARMAX. The main work trim initial replacements. SET Result LTRIMRTRIMREPLACEREPLACEREPLACEREPLACEREPLACEREPLACE. LTRIMRTRIMStr Basic trim. NCHAR9, Replace. Tab. With, NCHAR1. Replace. Tab. With Replace tab vertical tab. NCHAR1. 3 NCHAR1. Replace. Newline. With Replace Windows linebreak CRLF. NCHAR1. 0, Replace. Newline. With, NCHAR1. Replace. Newline. With, NCHAR1. 3, Replace. Newline. With Replace other newlines. If asked to trim replacement chars from the ends theyre not both whitespaces. IF Purge. Replace. Chars. At. Ends 1 AND NOT Replace. Tab. With N AND Replace. Newline. With N. Purge from head of string beginning. WHILE LEFTResult, DATALENGTHReplace. Tab. With2 Replace. Tab. With. SET Result SUBSTRINGResult, DATALENGTHReplace. Tab. With2 1, DATALENGTHResult2. WHILE LEFTResult, DATALENGTHReplace. Newline. With2 Replace. Newline. With. SET Result SUBSTRINGResult, DATALENGTHReplace. Newline. With2 1, DATALENGTHResult2. Purge from tail of string end. WHILE RIGHTResult, DATALENGTHReplace. Tab. With2 Replace. Tab. With. SET Result SUBSTRINGResult, 1, DATALENGTHResult2 DATALENGTHReplace. Tab. With2. WHILE RIGHTResult, DATALENGTHReplace. Newline. With2 Replace. Newline. With. SET Result SUBSTRINGResult, 1, DATALENGTHResult2 DATALENGTHReplace. Newline. With2.
0 Comments
Penn State Football Yearbook by Penn State Athletics.Penn State Football Yearbook Published on Aug 2.Published continually since 1998, NEWS YOU CAN USE was a Blog before Blog was even a word Its intention has been to help inform the football coach and the.Canadian Football Playmaker Software Mac9785278101796 5278101792 Gbg Six Studies of a Cat Noteblock 9788423668151 8423668150 Dani y Los Dinosaurios Dicen Aaahhh Adrian Reynolds, Ian Whybrow. Cd Key Microsoft Office 97 Professional . Download the free trial version below to get started. Doubleclick the downloaded file to install the software. Download Games Torrents for PC, XBOX 360, XBOX ONE, PS2, PS3, PS4, PSP, PS Vita, Linux, Macintosh, Nintendo Wii, Nintendo Wii U, Nintendo 3DS. For free No one wants to buy a 500 hobby drone only to discover theyre a bad pilot, especially considering how one bad twist or crash can leave your investment in pieces. Torrentz will always love you. Farewell. 20032016 Torrentz. Films. info button v 1. Vote for ice. Films. IE 6 lt link relstylesheet typetextcss mediascreen hrefhttp globolister. Lifehacker. Nick Douglas. Staff Writer, Lifehacker Nick has been writing online for 1. Urlesque, Gawker, the Daily Dot, and Slacktory. He lives in Park Slope with his wife and their books. Free Hdri Maps For 3Ds Max Student' title='Free Hdri Maps For 3Ds Max Student' />Autodesk 3ds Max 2.Essentials by Olcay Seyyar.Autodesk 3ds Max 2.Essentials Published on Sep 1.FREE 8GB OF VIDEOS MORE Practical inspiration for the 3D community www.DArtistonline. com.PRO. BLENDER. ANIMATION Develop an intriguing, lowpoly papercraft.Contents at a Gl ance Introduction xix CHAPTER 1 The 3ds Max Interface 1. Bulk Email Direct Sender Crack Cocaine more. CHAPTER 2 Your First 3ds Max Project 19.CHAPTER 3 Modeling in 3ds Max Architectural Model.Max bzw. 3ds Max Design ist das Beste, dass Autodesk professionellen Spieleentwicklern, VFXArtists, Motion Graphics Artists, Architekten, Ingenieuren und. Sothink Swf Decompiler 5.0 Crack' title='Sothink Swf Decompiler 5.0 Crack' />Sly.Soft Any.DVD HD 7.Beta FULL Trial ResetterCLICK HERE for version 7.Any.DVD HD comes with the same functionality as Any.DVD, but with additional features for full Blu ray and HD DVD support, including Blu ray and HD DVD movies.Allows you to watch movies over a digital display connection, without HDCP compliant graphics card and without HDCP compliant display.No need to buy an expensive monitor.Sweet Any.DVD HD is the must have utility for the serious home theater enthusiast using a media center home theater PC.Sothink Swf Decompiler 5.0 Crack' title='Sothink Swf Decompiler 5.0 Crack' />.Windows 2013.Sothink Swf Decompiler 5.0 Crack' title='Sothink Swf Decompiler 5.0 Crack' />Any.DVD comes with its own UDF 2.UDF 2.Windows XP.Features Blu Ray.Same features as regular Any.DVDRemoves restrictions from Blu ray media.Makes Blu ray media playable with every player software.Removes region codes from Blu ray media.Watch movies over digital display connection, without HDCP compliant graphics card and without HDCP compliant display.Removes annoyances.Can disable BD Live to protect your privacy.Allows playback of discs requiring a 3.D monitor on 2. Mlb Game Channel Live Scores Updates On Hurricane . D displays.The must have utility for the serious home theater enthusiast using a media center home theater PC.Sql Server Update Statistics Full Scan All Tables Restaurant more.Provides its own Universal Disk Format UDF reader, no need to install 3rd party filesystem.Discs which cannot be read by Windows can be backed up when using Any.DVD HD.Features HD DVDSame features as regular Any.DVDRemoves restrictions from HD DVDs.Watch movies over digital display connection, without HDCP compliant graphics card and without HDCP compliant display.Playback of discs on the PC with Power.DVD Ultra which otherwise do not run.Gets rid of user prohibitions, you can select the language and subtitle track without going through the discs menu.Removes parental restrictions.Allows you to remove or skip Studio Logos and warning messages.With magic file replacement you can remaster any commercial movie disc using simple XML scripts.The must have utility for the serious home theater enthusiast using a media center home theater PC.Provides its own Universal Disk Format UDF reader, no need to install 3rd party filesystem.Discs which cannot be read by Windows can be backed up when using Any.DVD HD.System Requirements.IBM compatible PC with a minimum 2 GHz Pentium class microprocessor and 5.MB RAMWindows XPXP6.VISTAVISTA6.Win.Win. 7 6. 4Win.Win.For Blu ray or HD DVD media, a Blu ray or HD DVD compliant drive is required.For HD decryption and ripping, the minimum OS is Windows 2.SP.PC player software usually requires Windows XP SP2 as minimum OS.ENJOY this FULL Software Sly.Soft Any. Here we cover the fastest, most effective way to get the PHP DOM extension installed on CentOS. If youve just found out you need to install this extension, but. The Perfect Server Ubuntu 17. 10 Artful Aardvark with Apache, PHP, MySQL, PureFTPD, BIND, Postfix, Dovecot and ISPConfig 3. 1. Howto Install PHP 5. Cent. OS 6 and Cent. OS 7. I still use Cent. OS as my distro of choice on any new server and whilst things are getting better Cent. OS and RHEL still dont have up to date versions of PHP available inside the default yum repos. A couple of years ago I posted about Howto install PHP Mcrypt on Cent. OS using EPEL which is one of my sites most popular posts So Cent. OS and PHP, as you can see below taken from Distro. Watch Cent. OS is a bit outdated with its PHP versions which as a PHP developer can be a pain in the assPHP Current Version. Cent. OS 7. 0 1. Cent. OS 6. 6. 5. However there is yet again hope This time we need 2 additional repos. First up we need EPEL and secondly we need Remi a French guy who is king of PHP repos Repo Installation. Open up a SSH connection to your server and run the following commands make sure you run as sudo if you need to For Cent. OS 7 including EPEL installwget http dl. Uvh remi release 7. If you already have EPEL installed wget http rpms. Uvh remi release 7For Cent. OS 6 including EPEL installwget http dl. Uvh remi release 6 If you already have EPEL installed wget http rpms. Uvh remi release 6 Enabling the Repo. Now we need to make sure the repo is enabled and select which version you want to install. We need to head over to etcyum. Open the file in your favourite editor Nano, Pico, Vi etc, youll see a number of sections. We need to make sure that the first section remi is enabled remi. Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 6 basearch. RPM GPG KEY remi. Note the line enabled1 make sure this is set Now technically you can actually go ahead and install PHP, but you will only get PHP 5. Which might be want to you want is so skip ahead to the next section If we want PHP 5. PHP 5. 6 we need to do a bit more work, further down in the repo. PHP version you want to install and then enable the correct. So for PHP 5. 6 we would change to remi php. Les RPM de remi de PHP 5. Enterprise Linux 6 basearch. WARNING If you enable this repository, you must also enable remi. RPM GPG KEY remi. Once you made your changes save your modified file and quit your editor. Installing PHPNow Im assuming you dont already have PHP installed, this bit is super simple. So the above assumes you want My. SQL, GD and Mcrypt support in your PHP, but you should see something like the below depending on which version of PHP you are trying to install. Package Arch Version Repository Size. M. php gd x. M. Installing for dependencies. M. php common x. M. php pdo x. Transaction Summary. Install 1. 1 Packages. As you can see PHP is installing version 5. Once you have hit Y to confirm the install restart apache and magical unicorns you have a better version of PHPYou can also change your mind in the future by going back into the remi. PHP version and then run yum update and if you have moved from 5. PHP for you. If you want to downgrade for any reason you will need to remove PHP sudo yum remove php and then reinstall the PHP modules you want. Hope this helps Related. Install the PHP DOM Extension on Cent. OS the Easiest Way. Here we cover the fastest, most effective way to get the PHP DOM extension installed on Cent. OS. If youve just found out you need to install this extension, but dont really know what it is, weve included some background first. What is DOMThe Document Object Model DOM is a cross platform and language independent convention for representing and interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML and XML documents. Source DOM in Wikipedia. What is PHP DOM extensionThe DOM extension allows you to operate on XML documents through the DOM API with PHP 5. Source Introduction to the PHP DOM Extension on php. How to install the PHP DOM Extension on Cent. OSYou will need superuser privileges. Run the following command sudo yum install php xml. Dont forget to restart Apache so PHP picks up the new extension sudo service httpd restart. How to Check PHP DOM is Installed. You can see PHP DOM is installed by creating a simple web page that calls the phpinfo function lt When you go to this webpage in a browser, you should see this output for the dom extension if its installed DOMXMLenabled. DOMXML API Version. Version. 2. 6. 2. HTML Supportenabled. XPath Supportenabled. XPointer Supportenabled. Schema Supportenabled. Relax. NG Supportenabled. Tested on Cent. OS 5. Corel Painter 1. 1. Avax. Home. Corel Painter 1. Mb. Expand your creativity with Painter 1. Corel Painter 11. 0. 016Key Code. By adding Painter to your workflow, you gain a full art studio that gives you the tools to create unprecedented artwork. Digital art tools let you experiment with color theory, composition and brush strokes, without the toxins, mess and expenses associated with traditional art. Support for the entire Wacom product line, including industry leading Cintiq pens and Intuos drawing tablets, gives you the most responsive digital painting experience so your hand and brush work fluidly as one. Customizable paper textures give your art added artistic undertones, plus a level of texture and detail that no other digital painting or photo painting tools can produce. Painter is changing whats possible in art. Now its your turn. Corel Painter takes digital design to unprecedented levels with the revolutionary Artists Oils Painting System, Snap to Path Painting, Quick Clone for photographers, and brushes that perform up to 1. Corel Draw 12Download the Corel Painter 11 0 016Murlok Torrent or choose other Corel Painter 11 0 016Murlok torrent downloads. Corel Painter 11 0 016 torrent. Information about the torrent Corel Painter 11 0 016. A torrent file stores metadata that can be used from a BitTorrent client. Corel Painter enables some of the worlds most accomplished creative professionals, including commercial designers, artists and photographers to extend their natural talents and techniques to create original works of breathtaking digital art. If your talents lean toward the artistic, Corel Painter is a must have tool for maximum creative expression in a digital environment. With textured surfaces, brushes, and tools, you can mimic painting and drawing with chalk, pastels, watercolors, oils, crayons, pencil, felt pens, ink, and so much more. Enhance the Creative Process Enhanced Artistic Media reproduce the texture of their real life counterparts and intensify color with each stroke Pen and drawing tablet recommended, combined with Painters Real. Bristle brushes, recreate the natural interaction between hand and canvas New Hard Media Controls let you create your own hard media variants, or choose from new hard media variants in the Brush Library. Go Beyond the Digital Darkroom Improved color recognition for files imported from Adobe Photoshop, and individual color profiles per document, make your colors more precise Photo painting tools with Smart. Stroke technology let you creatively transform reality Customizable surface texturing gives your art a level of fantasy and detail that other photo and painting software cant deliver. Learn from Unlimited Experimentation Digital art tools let you experiment with color theory, composition and brush strokes without the toxins, mess and expenses associated with traditional art New Hard Media controls give you the flexibility to play around to find the exact look you desire Smart composition tools, such as Divine Proportion and the Rule of Thirds and Fifths, help you visually arrange your canvas to create perfect compositions. Designed for Artists, Designers, and Photographers and the next generation of Creative Professionals Commercial Designers Commercial designers require powerful tools for their craft. Thats why many of the worlds foremost illustrators, automotive concept designers, industrial designers, architects, and graphic designers use Corel Painter. Corel Painter enables commercial designers to vividly capture their creative vision and handcraft distinctive designs, illustrations, and logos for their clients. Entertainment Artists Leading artists in the entertainment industry use Corel Painter to produce some of the worlds best known movies, comic books and video games. Coreldraw DownloadProfessional entertainment artists can speed their production time by using Corel Painter leveraging their natural talents and techniques to create astounding scenes, characters, vehicles, and textures. Professional Photographers In recent years, Corel Painter has sparked a new trend in the professional photography market as photographers explore the creative possibilities of turning their photographs into paintings. Corel Painter offers photographers new revenue streams by making it easier than ever to create breathtaking, hand painted works of art from their photographs. Fine Artists Many fine artists use Corel Painter as their primary art medium. Their works appear in galleries around the world, demonstrating that digitally created art has become an accepted medium on the worlds art scene. Corel Painter enables artists to experiment with new techniques, without investing the time and money that would ordinarily be required with analog mediums, and achieve results that emulate those of their traditional counterparts. Students Educators around the world are harnessing the power and ease of use of Corel Painter to help enhance the learning experience and provide students with the skills they need to succeed as leading creative professionals. Whats Included Content Libraries of unique textures, gradients, nozzles, patterns, stock photos and brushes, including the new Real. Bristle dry media brush category. Documentation Getting Started GuideHTML User Guide and Getting Started GuideHTML Help files TrainingOnline tutorials and testimonials Homepage http www. Letitbit. net. Rapidshare. No mirrors please. Marvels Black Panther Has Been Fighting White Supremacists For Decades and Hes Not About To Stop. Black Panther The Crew became one of Marvels most important comics the moment the series first went to print. But given the recent public displays of hatred and terrorism here in the US from self identified white supremacists, this weeks issue of the series is a particularly timely piece of required reading. Much like Christopher Priests original Crew from 2. Ta Nehisi Coates and Yona Harveys Black Panther The Crew has been something of a slow burn compared to most other comic books. While the series is about the titular Crew investigating the death of a black activist being held in police custody, there is also a larger story at work about the history of black heroes both powered and normal fighting to protect their communities from those who would see them crumble. As TChalla, Misty Knight, Luke Cage, Storm, and Manifold have inched closer to figuring out just how activist Ezra Miller died, Black Panther The Crew has also spent a fair amount of time fleshing out the connections each character had to him while he was alive, and how Harlem is the thing that binds them all together. Though most of the series is set in the present, BP TC also features a number of flashbacks to Ezras days as a younger revolutionary, when he himself teamed up with other black capes to root out crime and corruption in the city. Over the years he would come to understand that the process of trying to resist and dismantle fascistic power structures sometimes leads to moments where one must take an honest look at their allies and question their motives. Together, Ezra and his crew did good work to oust organized crime as part of Harlems Crusade. But in time, as they came into prominence and a newfound kind of power, his teammates would come to see his morality as obstacle standing in the way. In losing his chosen family, Ezra was forced to accept that people he thought he knew were, perhaps, not on the level with him. But at the same time, he remained keenly aware of the fact that, in spite of their ultimate betrayal, hed been stronger as a force for justice and social change when he had a crew to back him up. This is an idea that he would later impress upon Manifold, an Australian mutant with the ability to generate circular portals through space and time. Manifold, whos been an Avenger, would eventually find a new home for himself in Harlem. Batman Arkham Asylum is a 2009 actionadventure video game based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. It was developed by Rocksteady Studios and published by Eidos. Noregistration upload of files up to 250MB. Not available in some countries. Though most of the series is set in the present, BPTC also features a number of flashbacks to Ezras days as a younger revolutionary, when he himself teamed up. Batman Arkham Asylum Serial Number Mac ComputerLike Ezra, he found himself fighting against people who embody oppressive social hierarchies and finding invaluable strength in the support of his team. In this series, Marvels Harlem has been converted into a literal police state with a curfew in anticipation of riots set off by Ezras death. Rather than enforcing the law with human police offers, mechanized soldiers are deployed throughout the borough that indiscriminately use excessive violence to keep the population in check. Black Panther The Crew 5 is primarily about how one night, while keeping tabs on the neighborhood, Manifold witnesses a squad of Americops violently attacking two young boys who happened to be out after curfew. In a scene that bears a painful and stunning resemblance to the real world attacks by police on black children, the Americops viciously attack the boys until Manifold intervenes and whisks them off to safety. Manifold himself is only able to escape the Americops when the rest of his crew shows up and blasts them out of the sky, doubling down on the idea that a persons strength comes from their depths of their roots. Theres an immediately recognizable call and response within Black Panther The Crews asynchronous story structure, but this issue in particular brings to attention a bigger narrative concerning the Black Panther thats worth taking note of. When Marvel writer and proofreader Don Mc. Gregor first came onto the publishers Jungle Action, a series set primarily in Africa, he noted that a majority of its stories featured white heroes. Mc. Gregor was responsible for turning the series into a vehicle for the Black Panther, and in issue 1. Mc. Gregor made a bold statement by having the African hero do battle with the American Ku Klux Klan. In Panther vs. The Klan, the Black Panther journeys to Georgia to investigate the mysterious death of Angela Lynne. Angela was the sister of his then girlfriend Monica, a black woman who was in the process of investigating a local branch of what seemed to be the Ku Klux Klan. Over the course of the story, TChalla fights both a group of Klan imitators and members of the actual Ku Klux Klan. The Black Panther has some connection to Angela, but more importantly, he commits to uncovering the details of her death as a matter of moral principle given the questionable circumstances. Though there are obvious differences between the two, there is an important through line shared between TChallas run in with the Klan in the 7. Crews fight against the Americops today. In both clashes, we see black heroes standing up against avatars of structural oppression who terrorize black communities. A group of racist white men wearing sheets are not the same as a fleet of deadly killer robot cops, and yet they are not entirely unrelated from one another either. Both are manifestations of institutional terror that have plagued and oppressed marginalized people. Both have been successfully rebutted through activism deeply rooted in the communities the marginalized people come fromand its powerful to see them being fought in comics as well. Windows 7 or earlier If youre running a version of Windows prior to Windows 8, youll want to download and install Microsoft Security Essentials MSE. You cant really go wrong with a classic leash, but its unchanging length does little to accommodate situations where you want your dog to run free, or freeish. The latest PC gaming hardware news, plus expert, trustworthy and unbiased buying guides. A redacted version of the emails was initially filed in August. Uber has pushed for several weeks to lift the redactions on the emails, and Waymo finally submitted a. Movie. Pass Now Offers Unlimited Movies in Theaters for 1. Month. Ever wish there were a Netflix style subscription service for brand new movies that just released in theaters Well, there is. Its called Movie. Pass, and now for just 1. Movie. Pass brings the convenience of Netflix to your local movie theaters After paying a monthlyRead more Read. Movie. Pass isnt exactly new. Its been around since 2. Now, Mitch Lowe, a co founder of Netflix and former President of Redbox, is looking to change that by lowering the cost considerably. Starting today, you can head to the Movie. Pass site or download the app on i. OS or Android and sign up for a new subscription at just 9. That price gets you into one movie showing every single day at any theater in the U. S. that accepts debit cards this does not include 3. D or Imax showings. Yes, for less than the cost of one showing in most cities, you could see around 3. Obviously, youre not going to do that. But if you even see one movie a month your membership is paying for itself One caveat you can only buy your tickets on the the day of the screeningand in many cities, only in person, as opposed to an e ticketmaking it tough to use Movie. Pass for theaters or movies that are particularly likely to sell out. Summer movie season is upon us and the parade of big budget blockbusters are poised to draw out the Read more Read. I dont know how their business model is going to workMovie. Pass still pays theaters the full price of each ticketbut as a film buff who usually pays 1. Im definitely on board. I also noticed that Movie. Pass works at the small independent filmforeign film theater near me, so thats a nice perk. Their website is already being slammed with heavy traffic, but I was still able to sign up slowly but surely. You can try your luck at the links below. Movie. Pass. Movie. Pass app on i. OSMovie. Pass app on Android. Update AMC, the largest movie theater operator in the U. S., released a press statement saying they hope to block Movie. Pass subscriptions from being used at their theaters in the future. AMC also noted that the new 1. Movie. Pass in the future. That said, AMC doesnt actually know if its possible to opt out of Movie. Pass yet, so the service should still work at AMC theaters as long as they accept debit cards. Cellulose Fiber Reinforced PLA versus PPThe Biological Materials Group, Department of Biomimetics, HSB City University of Applied Sciences, Neustadtswall 3. Bremen, Germany. Received 2. January 2. 01. 7 Revised 7 May 2. Accepted 2. 4 May 2. Published 4 July 2. The Sims 3 Base Full Download Free Game Torrents Title The Sims 3 Base Developer The Sims Studio Maxis Publisher Electronic Arts Platforms Microsoft. Microsoft Office 2013 Product Key Generator Crack Free Download collected in a spot that is single. All activators in this particular article are labored. After a 20 year sojourn in the final frontier, at approximately 500 AM PT this morning, NASAs Jet Propulsion laboratory lost contact with the Cassini spacecraft. When youre away from home all day, whether working or exploring, you need to be prepared for every possible contingency. Perhaps you pack an extra battery pack, or. Copyright 2. 01. Nina Graupner and Jrg Mssig. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The present study focuses on a comparison between different cellulose fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Composites were produced with 3. PLA or PP matrix with either an injection IM or compression molding CM process. Significant reinforcement effects were achieved for tensile strength, Youngs modulus, and Shore D hardness by using lyocell as reinforcing fiber. These values are significantly higher for PLA and its composites compared to PP and PP based composites. Investigations of the fibermatrix adhesion show a better bonding for lyocell in PLA compared to PP, resulting in a more effective load transfer from the matrix to the fiber. However, PLA is brittle while PP shows a ductile stress strain behavior. The impact strength of PLA was drastically improved by adding lyocell while the impact strength of PP decreased. CM and IM composites do not show significant differences in fiber orientation. Despite a better compaction of IM composites, higher tensile strength values were achieved for CM samples due to a higher fiber length. Introduction. Petrochemical based polyolefins like polypropylene PP are common matrices for natural fiber reinforced composites 14. An overview about natural fibers and their composites may be taken from 59. Nowadays the main application area of cellulose fiber reinforced thermoplastics can be found in the automotive industry for nonvisible parts like indoor panels, dashboards, wheel covers, and so on 1. In the last years the use of biobased matrices like polylactide PLA becomes more and more important 1. In the near future it is envisaged to establish natural fiber reinforced biobased plastics apart from the automotive industry for higher loaded components. The present study gives an overview about the characteristics of cellulose fiber reinforced PP and PLA composites and a possibility of improving the brittle character of PLA with regenerated cellulose fibers. Two different production procedurescompression molding CM and injection molding IMwere used for composite production. It is known that structure and properties of fibers and matrix are directly related to the composite characteristics. To elucidate the different mechanical properties of CM and IM cellulose fiber reinforced PLA and PP composites, analyses of fiber orientation, compaction, and voids, fiber length distribution and fibermatrix adhesion were carried out to clear up the following hypotheses 1PLA has a higher hydrophilicity and polarity 1. PP, which displays a more nonpolar and hydrophobic character 1. Due to this fact the fibermatrix interaction between lyocell and PLA is assumed to be better than between lyocell and PP. 2Because of the higher stiffness and strength of PLA as well as the assumed better fibermatrix adhesion with cellulose compared to PP, tensile strength and Youngs modulus of lyocellPLA should result in higher values in comparison to lyocellPP. 3CM should lead to higher composite tensile characteristics due to higher fiber length and more aligned oriented fibers in production direction. 4The brittleness of PLA leads to a lower composite impact strength compared to the more ductile PP. Materials and Methods. Bright raw white Tencel lyocell fibers with a fineness of 6. MPa median mean arithmetic deviation at a gauge length of 2. Fibers were supplied by Lenzing AG Lenzing, Austria. PLA was used in fiber form Ingeo fibers type SLN2. D with a fineness of 6. Eastern Textile Ltd. Taipei, Taiwan from a Nature. Works PLA 6. 20. D density 1. 2. C, and glass transition temperature 6. C. Polypropylene Moplen EP 6. V PP granules were supplied by Lyondell. Basell Polymers Lyondell. Basell Industries Holdings, B. V., Rotterdam, NL with a density of 0. Vicat softening temperature of 1. C and a melt flow rate of 1. Composites were produced from PLA and PP matrices with 3. CM and injection molding IM. Previous studies have shown that a fiber mass fraction of 3. IM and CM composites. With a fiber mass fraction of 2. CM samples, whereas injection molded composites with a fiber mass fraction of 4. Semifinished products were produced by mixing lyocell and PLA fibers during a carding process. The multilayer webs contain fibers with a preferred orientation in machine direction but not 1. PP based composites were produced from multilayer webs containing the reinforcing fibers with a preferred orientation and polymer foils, produced from PP granules, via a film stacking process 1. Prior to composite production the multilayer webs were predried at 1. C for 2 h. Composite boards were produced with a hot pressing process from these semifinished products. Plates for granule production for the IM process were manufactured in a similar manner with a reduced press time 3 min instead of 5 min. These plates were shredded into granules for the following IM process 1. More details about composite production are published in previous studies 1. Reference samples were produced from neat PLA and PP matrices via CM and IM. Prior to mechanical characterization of polymers and composites, test specimens were conditioned according to DIN EN ISO 2. C and 5. 0 relative humidity for at least 1. Tensile tests specimen type 1 A according to DIN EN ISO 5. Video. Xtens, ZwickRoell Gmb. H, Ulm, Germany and unnotched Charpy impact tests Charpy impact testing device type 5. Zwick Gmb. H, Ulm, Germany 2. SEM were investigated as described earlier in 1. The apparent interlaminar shear strength ILSS of 1. CM lyocellPP and lyocellPLA composites was characterized with double notched tensile tests as described in 2. Shore D hardness measurements on the composites were done with a Shore D durometer type Z7. Zwick Gmb. H Co. KG, Ulm, Germany at ten different positions. Processed PLA and PP granules were investigated for their rheological properties with a Gttfert Rheograph 7. Gttfert Material Testing Machines Gmb. H, Buchen, Germany at 1. C with a capillary diameter of 1. The measurement was performed at eight different apparent shear rates 7. The apparent viscosity with inlet pressure losses was determined. To investigate the fiber length distribution, fibers were extracted from the composites using xylene and were analysed via image analysis Fibre. Shape software, IST AG, Vilters, Switzerland as described in 2. The investigation of fiber orientation and voids in the composite structure was carried out via synchrotron radiation based computer tomography SR CT at DESY Hamburg, Germany see 2. The SR CT micrographs were evaluated as reported in detail in 2. Test results were statistically analysed with the open source R software http www. A ShapiroWilk test was used for the analysis to a normal distribution. To proof if there are significant differences between the results of variable samples, for normally distributed results with homogenous variances, the Tukey test, and for data which do not follow a normal distribution the Wilcoxon test was chosen. All tests were performed with a level of significance 0. Significant differences are marked with different letters in the diagrams an asterisk shows results which are not distributed normally. Results and Discussion. Shore D Hardness. Shore D hardness values are shown for IM and CM neat matrices and their composites in Figure 1. The use of lyocell fibers does not significantly affect the hardness of PLA while the hardness of PP increased significantly by 6 because of the higher hardness of lyocell compared to PP. These findings are in agreement with results reported by Bourmaud and Baley 2. The authors investigated the hardness of flax fibers and a PLA matrix via nanoindentation. Virgin flax fibers have shown a 1. PLA. However, the hardness of the fibers decreases significantly after compression and injection molding to a similar value as reported for pure PLA. Considering PP and lyocell fibers, Lee et al. PP analysed with nanoindentation carried out with an atomic force microscope AFM. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
November 2017
Categories |